Works Cited Guide Spring-Ford Area High School
May 10, 2018 1
WORKS CITED GUIDE
Spring-Ford Area High School
This Works Cited Guide is a quick reference guide to the MLA 8 style of documenting sources
for a research paper. For additional information, refer to the MLA Handbook 8
th
edition and to
the Purdue Owl: MLA Formatting and Style Guide website.
SECTIONS
GUIDING PRINCIPLES of MLA 8
th
edition
MLA CITATION TIPS
WORKS CITED TEMPLATES
1. BOOKS
2. PRINT PERIODICALS
3. AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS
4. OTHER COMMON SOURCES
5. ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
WEB PUBLICATIONS
DATABASES
PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION
SAMPLE WORKS CITED PAGE
WORKS CONSULTED FOR THIS GUIDE
Works Cited Guide Spring-Ford Area High School
May 10, 2018 2
GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF MLA 8
th
EDITION
In the MLA 8
th
edition, a standard citation template is used for documenting any source, in any
format. This new template consists of “core elements”, information common to most sources.
The core elements require specific punctuation and are arranged in a specific order.
As stated in the Purdue OWL: MLA Formatting and Style Guide, the philosophy of the MLA 8
th
edition is:
List of works cited/works consulted needs to include basic core information, such as
author’s name, title of source, publication date, and other information, depending on
the type of source. Each entry should be uniform and simple, but should give enough
information so that your readers can locate your sources.
These updated MLA guidelines are based on a simple theory: once you know the
basic principles of style and citation, you can apply that knowledge widely, and
generate useful documentation for any type of publication, in any field.
CORE ELEMENTS
When creating a Works Cited entry, any core elements that are present and relevant should be
included. The list below details the elements, punctuation, and the order in which they appear.
Note that the last element in an entry is always followed by a period.
Author.
Title of source.
Title of container,
Other contributors,
Version,
Number,
Publisher,
Publication date,
Location.
Example:
Lewis, Sinclair. Elmer Gantry. Signet Classics, 2007.
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CONTAINERS
A container is the item or location that contains, or holds, the source. Some sources are self-
contained, and some are part of one or two containers.
The MLA Style Center defines a container in this way: “When the source being documented
forms part of a larger whole, the larger whole can be thought of as a container that holds the
source”.
Both the title of the source and its container are included in the Works Cited entry.
Source with no container
Book
King, Stephen. Insomnia. Viking, 1994.
Entire Website
NPR. National Public Radio, www.npr.org/.
One container
Poem in an anthology
Guthrie, Woody. “This Land is Your Land.” 100 Essential American Poems, edited by Leslie
Pockell, 1
st
ed., Thomas Dunne Books, 2009, pp. 305-307.
Anthology – 100 Essential American Poems CONTAINER
Poem – “This Land is Your Land” SOURCE
Article on a website
Berman, Zach. “Nick Foles gave Eagles what they needed in playoff win.” Philly.com,
Philadelphia Media Network, 14 Jan. 2018, www.philly.com/philly/sports/eagles/eagles-
nick-foles-playoff-win-20180114.html.
Website – Philly.com CONTAINER
Article – “Nick Foles gave Eagles…” SOURCE
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Two containers
With two containers, information for the second container is added after the basic entry:
Author.
Title of source.
Title of first container,
Other contributors,
Version,
Number,
Publisher,
Publication date,
Location.
Title of second container,
Other contributors,
Version,
Number,
Publisher,
Publication date,
Location.
Examples of works with two containers:
Article from a Scholarly Journal within a Database
Kimberly A. Markworth, and Lara M. Willox. “The Electoral College.” Mathematics Teaching
in the Middle School, vol. 18, no. 2, 2012, pp. 118–124. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.18.2.0118.
Database –JSTOR SECOND CONTAINER
Journal - Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School FIRST CONTAINER
Article – “The Electoral College” SOURCE
Episode in a Series
“94 Meetings.” Parks and Recreation, season 2, episode 21, NBC, 29 Apr. 2010. Netflix,
www.netflix.com/watch/70152031?trackId=200256157&tctx=0%2C20%2C0974d361-
27cd-44de-9c2a-2d9d868b9f64-12120962.
Streaming Service – Netflix SECOND CONTAINER
Series – Parks and Recreation FIRST CONTAINER
Episode – “94 Meetings” SOURCE
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Poem in an ebook
Rossetti, Christina. “Caterpillar.” The Random House Book of Poetry for Children: A Treasury of
572 Poems for Today’s Child, Random House, 1982, p. 76. Google Books,
books.google.com/books?id=zLF_sKMUYS8C&lpg=PP1&dq=poetry&pg=PA76#v=one
page&q=poetry&f=false.
Database – Google Books SECOND CONTAINER
ebook – Random House Book of Poetry for Children FIRST CONTAINER
Poem – “Caterpillar” SOURCE
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MLA CITATION TIPS
NEW for MLA 8
1. Pseudonyms such as online handles or screen names may be used for author names.
Twitter example:
@TwitterHandle. “Content of Tweet.” Twitter, Date, Time, URL (omit http:// or https://).
@tombrokaw. "SC demonstrated why all the debates are the engines of this
campaign." Twitter, 22 Jan. 2012, 3:06 a.m.,
twitter.com/tombrokaw/status/160996868971704320
2. URL’s (without the http:// or https://) should be included for online sources. See suggestions
for truncation in the Electronic Sources section.
3. The Date of Access for online sources is optional. It is recommended if helpful for
identifying the version of the source.
4. The Medium of Publication (Print, Web, etc) is omitted.
5. The Publisher may be omitted for periodicals, or for a website if the name (title) of the
website matches the name of the publisher.
6. When citing books, the City of Publication is no longer given in most cases.
7. Add the abbreviations of “vol.” and “no.” to periodical citations if relevant.
ADDITONAL MLA TIPS
8. Alphabetize by the author’s or editor’s last name.
a. If there is no author or editor, alphabetize letter by letter beginning with the first word
of the title.
b. If the first word in the title begins with a numeral, alphabetize as if full-spelled.
c. Ignore any initial A, An, or The.
9. Abbreviate names of months except for May, June, July.
10. First line of each entry is against the left margin, and subsequent lines are indented a
½ inch (called a “hanging indent”).
11. Double-space the entire Works Cited page.
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FORMATTING CITATIONS in MICROSOFT WORD
To format hanging indentation to ½ inch:
Microsoft Word 2016
1. Place your cursor on the first line where the hanging indent is to start. Right click and
select Paragraph. Choose the Indents and Spacing tab.
2. In the Special drop-down list under Indentation, select Hanging.
3. In the By drop-down list, the amount of space is set to .5 for the hanging indent.
4. In the Line Spacing drop-down list under Spacing, select Double.
5. When you want to stop indenting, go back into the paragraph options Indentation section
and choose (none) in the Special drop-down box.
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WORKS CITED GUIDELINES
Use the following general template for ALL sources. Check the specific templates for where to
italicize and where to use quotes.
Author. Title. Title of Container (self-contained if book), Other Contributors (translators or
editors), Version (edition), Number (vol. and/or no.), Publisher, Publication Date, Location
(pages, paragraphs, and/or URL, DOI, or permalink). Title of 2
nd
Container (if have a 2
nd
container), Other Contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication Date, Location, Date of
Access (if relevant).
NOTE: The guidelines below show the order of information for an entry; if more information
can be accommodated on the first line, key it in. The guidelines do not dictate which
information goes on which line. Likewise, the templates do not show indentation of the second
line of an entry (see the examples for indentation).
1. BOOKS
BOOK (WITH ONE AUTHOR)
___________, ____________. _____________. ____________, _____________.
author last name author first name title of book name of publisher year of publication
(italics)
Example:
Davis, Bertha. Poverty in America: What We Do About It. Franklin Watts, 1991.
BOOK (WITH NO AUTHOR, BUT AN EDITOR)
_____________, ____________, editor. ______________. _____________,
editor last name editor first name title of book name of publisher
(italics)
_____________.
year of publication
Example: Frye, Northrop, editor. Sound and Poetry. Columbia UP, 1957.
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BOOK (WITH TWO AUTHORS)
NOTE: Authors should be listed in the order they are listed on the title page. Use this author
format for other publications with two authors/editors.
_____________, ______________, and ______________ _____________. __________.
author last name author first name author first name author last name title of book
(italics)
________________, ______________.
name of publisher year of publication
Example:
Kavesh, Laura, and Cheryl Lavin. Tales From the Front. Dolphin Doubleday, 1988.
BOOK (WITH THREE OR MORE AUTHORS)
NOTE: If there are three or more authors, list only the first author followed by the phrase et al.
Use this author format for other publications with three or more authors/editors.
_____________, ____________, et al. ______________. ____________, ___________.
author last name author first name title of book name of publisher year of publication
(italics)
Example:
Quirk, Randolph, et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman, 1985.
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INTRODUCTION, PREFACE, FOREWORD, OR AFTERWORD
NOTE: The author is the person who wrote the part being cited (i.e. introduction, preface, etc.).
Capitalize the name of the part being cited followed by a period. The author of the complete
work (i.e. book) is named after the title of the work. If the writer of the cited part is also the
author of the complete work, use only the last name after by.
__________________, ____________________. Introduction. _________________,
author of the part author of the part part being cited title of complete work
last name first name (italics)
by ________________ ________________, _______________, ____________,
author of complete work author of complete work name of publisher year of publication
first name last name
____________.
page # (s)
Example:
Elliot, Emory. Afterword. The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, Signet, 1990, pp. 342-50.
Another example:
Borges, Jorge Luis. Foreword. Selected Poems, 1923-1967, by Norman Thomas Di Giovanni,
Delta-Dell, 1973, pp. xv-xvi.
WORK THAT HAS BEEN TRANSLATED
____________, ____________. ____________. Translated by _____________ ____________,
author last name author first name title of work translator first name translator last name
(italics)
_____________, _______________.
publisher year of publication
Example:
Esquivel, Laura. Like Water for Chocolate: A Novel in Monthly Installments, with Recipes,
Romances and Home Remedies. Translated by Carol Christensen and Thomas
Christensen, Doubleday, 1992.
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WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY
NOTE: An anthology is a collection of published works (poems, plays, essays, etc.) by one or
more authors.
_____________, _____________. “______________________________.”________________,
author last name author first name title of work title of anthology
(use italics and no quotation marks if novel or drama) (italics)
edited by ________________ ________________, _________________, _______________,
editor first name editor last name name of publisher year of publication
pp. ______________.
page # (s)
Example (for novel):
Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Literature and the Language Arts: Experiencing
Literature, edited by Eileen Slater, EMC/Paradigm Publishing, 1996, pp. 645-752.
Another example:
Awalt, L. Christopher. “The Homeless Choose to be Homeless.” The Homeless: Opposing
Viewpoints, edited by Tamara L. Roleff, Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1996, pp. 101-104.
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ARTICLE IN REFERENCE BOOK (I.E. ENCYCLOPEDIAS, DICTIONARIES)
NOTE: For entries in encyclopedias, dictionaries, and other reference works, cite them as you
would any other work in a collection but do not include the publisher information. If the
reference book is organized alphabetically, do not list the volume or the page number of the
article or item. If an edition, add the number of the edition after the title.
_________________, __________________. “_______________.” _________________,
author of article last name author of article first name title of article title of reference book
(italics)
edited by __________ __________, _____________.
editor first name editor last name year of publication
Example (encyclopedia):
Mohanty, Jitendra M. “Indian Philosophy.” The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia,
15
th
ed., 1987.
Another example (dictionary):
“Simile.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 11
th
ed., 2003.
MULTIVOLUME WORKS (i.e. Novels for Students, Contemporary Authors, and
Contemporary Literary Criticism)
NOTE: When using only one volume of a multivolume work, include the volume number after
the work's title, or after the work's editor. When using more than one volume of a multivolume
work, cite the total number of volumes in the work
________________, _________________. “______________.”_________________,
author of article last name author of article first name title of article title of multivolume work
(italics)
Edited by __________ __________, vol. ______, _________, _______.
editor first name editor last name volume # name of year of
publisher publication
Example (one volume):
Glahn, Mary F. “Keller, Helen (Adams) 1880-1968.” Contemporary Authors, edited by Frances
C. Locher, vol. 101, Gale Research, 1981.
Example (two or more volumes):
Contemporary Authors. Edited by Frances C. Locher, Gale Research, 1981. 3 vols.
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2. PRINT PERIODICALS (NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, SCHOLARLY
JOURNALS)
`
MAGAZINE ARTICLE
NOTE: For a magazine published every month or every two months, just give month(s) and
year. If the magazine is published weekly or every two weeks, give the day, month, and year. If
the article is not printed on consecutive pages, write only the first page number and a plus (+)
sign with no intervening space (see second example).
_____________, _____________. “_____________.” __________________________,
author last name author first name title of article title of magazine where article appeared
(italics)
_________________, _________________.
dates of publication page # (s) in magazine
Example:
Jewel, Dan, and Susan Christian-Goulding. “Trouble Spots: Abandoned in Record Numbers,
Dalmatians Find Rescue in Randy Warner.” People Weekly, 20 Apr. 1998, pp. 62-64.
Another example:
Frank, Michael. “The Wild, Wild West.” Architectural Digest, June 199, pp. 180+.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
NOTE: If the article is not printed on consecutive pages, write only the first page number and a
plus (+) sign with no intervening space (see second example).
____________, ____________. “_____________.” ______________________________
author last name author first name title of article title of newspaper (omit introductory article i.e. The)
(italics)
[____________________________], ____________, _________________, ______.
city (only if not part of newspaper name) date of publication [edition (if given) i.e. late ed.] page # (s)
(for nationally published newspapers, no city needed)
Example:
Peyton, Cadonna. “Mesa Leukemia Patient, 13, Gets Tools to Make a Wish Come True.”
Tribune [Mesa], 12 Apr. 1998, p. A3.
Another example:
Georgatos, Dennis. “49ers Have Rice, and Others Don’t: Big Plays Assure First-round Bye.”
Phoenix Gazette, 19 Dec. 1995, pp. D1+.
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SCHOLARLY JOURNAL ARTICLE
NOTE: A scholarly journal usually appears only about four times a year, and the issues present
learned articles containing original research and original interpretations of data and texts. Such
journals are intended not for general readers, but for professionals and students.
___________, ____________. “_______________.” ______________________,
author last name author first name title of article title of journal
(italics)
_____________, _____________, _______________, ______________.
volume issue number year of publication page # (s) in journal
Example:
Scotto, Peter. “Censorship, Reading, and Interpretation: A Case Study from the Soviet Union.”
PMLA, vol. 109, 1994, pp. 61-70.
Second example:
White, Sabina, and Andrew Winzelberg. “Laughter and Stress.” Humor, vol. 5, pp. 343-55.
Third example:
Baum, Rosalie Murphy. “Alcoholism and Family Abuse in Maggie and The Bluest Eye.”
Mosaic, vol.19, no. 3, 1986, pp. 91-105.
Fourth example:
Barthelme, Frederick. “Architecture.” Kansas Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 3, 1981, pp.77-80.
3. AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS
SONG OR ALBUM
NOTE: If emphasizing an individual, then include that person’s name and identifying
information. Other pertinent information, such as producer, is included after the title of the
recording.
_____________, _____________, ______________________, _________________,
individual last name individual first name title of recording recording company
(italics)
_________________, ______________, ___________________.
year recording was released streaming service web address (if applicable)
(if applicable)
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Example:
Spotify
Rae Morris. “Skin.” Cold, Atlantic Records, 2014, Spotify,
open.spotify.com/track/0OPES3Tw5r86O6fudK8gxi.
Online Album
Beyoncé. “Pray You Catch Me.” Lemonade, Parkwood Entertainment, 2016,
www.beyonce.com/album/lemonade-visual-album/.
CD
Nirvana. "Smells Like Teen Spirit." Nevermind, Geffen, 1991.
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FILM OR MOVIE
NOTE: If emphasizing an individual, then include that person’s name and identifying
information, otherwise begin with italicized title. Other pertinent information, such as
performers, writer, and producer are included after the director’s name.
______________, _____________, ________________________. ___________. Directed by
individual last name individual first name individual identifying information title of film
(abbreviation, i.e. Prod., Perf.) (italics)
____________ _____________. ______________. ____________. ____________.
director’s first name director’s last name other pertinent distributor original date
information of release
Example:
Arctic Tundra: Life at the North Pole. Franklin Watts, 2005.
Second example:
Kelly, Grace, perf. Rear Window. Directed by Alfred Hitchcock, Paramount, 1954.
Third Example:
It’s a Wonderful Life. Directed by Frank Capra, performances by James Stewart, Donna Reed,
Lionel Barrymore, and Thomas Mitchell, RKO, 1946.
PERSONAL PHOTOGRAPH
______________________. Personal photograph by the author. ___________________.
description of subject of photo date photo was taken
Example:
Airport in Sedona, Arizona. Personal photograph by the author. 18 Aug. 2015.
LECTURE, SPEECH, ADDRESS, OR READING
______________, _______________. “_____________________.” _______________,
speaker last name speaker first name title of presentation if known conference / meeting
_______________________, _____________, ________. ____________________________.
sponsoring organization if applicable date location form of delivery
(Address, Lecture, Keynote speech, Reading)
Example:
Atwood, Margaret. “Silencing the Scream.” Boundaries of the Imagination Forum, MLA
Convention, 29 Dec. 2016, Royal York Hotel, Toronto. Lecture.
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ADVERTISEMENT
____________________. Advertisement. ________________, ______________, _________.
product, company, or institution title of publication/ date of publication/ page # (s)
that is the subject of the ad show where broadcast broadcast (if relevant)
(italics)
Example:
Chanel for Men. Advertisement. GQ, Dec. 2016, p. 125.
Another example:
Delta Airlines. Advertisement. CNN, 12 July 2015.
WORK OF VISUAL ART (PAINTING, SCULPTURE, or PHOTOGRAPH IN A
MUSEUM, COLLECTION, or INSTITUTION)
__________, ___________. _____________. ________________, ___________________,
artist last name artist first name title of artwork date of composition medium of composition
(italics) or N.d. (for unknown date) (e.g., Lithograph, Oil)
____________________, ______________________.
institution that houses artwork city where artwork
or private owner is housed
Example:
Rembrandt van Rijn. Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer. 1653, Oil on canvas,
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Another example:
Bearden, Romare. The Street. 1964, Collage of various papers on cardboard, Private collection
of Mrs. Robert M. Benjamin, New York.
WORK OF ART (PHOTOGRAPH IN A BOOK)
NOTE: This is artwork that is photographed in a book. Make sure to include the page, slide,
figure, or plate number, whichever is relevant.
_________, ___________. _____________. ____________________, ____________,
artist last name artist first name title of artwork institution that houses artwork city where artwork
(italics) or private owner is housed
_______________________________. By or Ed. ______________ ______________.
book/source where artwork appeared author/editor of book author/editor of book
(italics) first name last name
____________, _____________, ____________,
name of year of page, slide,
publication publisher publication fig., or plate # (s)
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Example:
Cassatt, Mary. Mother and Child. Wichita Art Museum, Wichita, American Painting: 1560-
1913. By John Pearce. McGraw, 1964, Slide 22.
TELEVISION SHOWS
NOTE: Other pertinent information, such as performers, director, narrator, and number of
episodes are included after the title of the program (see examples).
“____________________.” _____________________, _________________________,
title of the episode or segment title of the program or series other pertinent information
(italics) (i.e., By, Dir., Perf., Host, etc.)
____________, _____________, _______________, ___________.
name of network call letters of station city of the local station broadcast date (s)
(if applicable)
Example – Recorded Television Episode:
"The One Where Chandler Can't Cry." Friends: The Complete Sixth Season, written by Andrew
Reich and Ted Cohen, directed by Kevin Bright, Warner Brothers, 2004.
Second example – Broadcast TV or Radio Program:
“Frederick Douglass.” Civil War Journal. Narrated by Danny Glover and directed by Craig
Haffner, Arts and Entertainment Network, WNYC, Atlanta, 6 Apr. 1993.
Third example – Netflix, Hulu, Google Play, Amazon Prime:
“94 Meetings.” Parks and Recreation, season 2, episode 21, NBC, 29 Apr. 2010,
Netflix, www.netflix.com/watch/70152031.
4. OTHER COMMON SOURCES
PERSONAL INTERVIEW
NOTE: Be sure to include interviewee credentials in the research paper itself.
________________, _______________. Personal interview. _______________.
interviewee last name interviewee first name date of interview
Example:
Smart, I. M. Personal interview. 22 July 2018.
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5. ELECTRONIC SOURCES
From The Purdue Owl: MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources webpage, the following are
additional details about the core elements for online sources:
Author and/or editor names (if available).
Article name in quotation marks.
Title of the website, project, or book in italics.
Any version numbers available, including editions (ed.), revisions, posting dates,
volumes (vol.), or issue numbers (no.).
Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date.
Include any page numbers (p. or pp.) or paragraph numbers (par. or pars.).
URL (without the http:// or https://) or DOI or permalink.
o This information belongs to the Location core element.
o Many scholarly journal articles found in databases include a DOI (digital object
identifier). If a DOI is available, cite the DOI number instead of the URL.
o Online newspapers and magazines sometimes include a “permalink,” which is a
shortened, stable version of a URL. Look for a “share” or “cite this” button to see
if a source includes a permalink. If you can find a permalink, use that instead of a
URL.
o NOTE about truncating the URL
The MLA Handbook advises writers to truncate a URL in a specific way
(by omitting the protocol, i.e. http:// or https://). If you need to shorten it
further, retain the host, which will allow readers to evaluate the site and
search for the source.
Date of Access - Although it is not required, the date of access is highly recommended,
especially if dealing with pages that change often or do not have a visible copyright date.
Cite containers after your regular citation. Examples of containers are collections of short
stories or poems, a television series, a database, or even a website. A container is
anything that is a part of a larger body of work.
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WEB PUBLICATIONS
ENTIRE WEBSITE
______________________, ______________________. __________________.
author, compiler, or editor author, compiler [or editor (, ed.)] title of website
last name first name (italics)
_____________________, ___________________, ________________. ___________.
publisher or sponsor of website date of electronic publication URL date of access
Example:
PennState. Pennsylvania State University, 26 August 2009, www.psu.edu. Accessed 21 Apr.
2010.
A PAGE ON A WEBSITE
NOTE: These are short works such as articles, poems, and other documents that are not as long
as a book or appear as internal pages on a website.
______________, _________________. “________________.” ______________,
author last name author first name title of article title of website
(italics)
_____________________. ___________.
URL date of access
Example:
Lundman, Susan. "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow, www.ehow.com/how_10727_make-
vegetarian-chili.html. Accessed 6 July 2015.
ARTICLES IN ONLINE SCHOLARLY JOURNALS
______________, _____________. “__________.” _____________, _______________,
author last name author first name title of article title of publication vol. and/or issue no.
(italics)
____________________, ______________. Accessed____________.
year of publication of article URL date of access
Example:
Dolby, Nadine. “Research in Youth Culture and Policy: Current Conditions and Future
Directions.” Social Work and Society: The International Online-Only Journal, vol. 6, no.
2, 2008, www.socwork.net/sws/article/view/60/362. Accessed 20 May 2009.
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ARTICLES IN ONLINE MAGAZINES AND NEWSPAPERS
______________, _____________. “__________.” _____________, __________________,
author last name author first name title of article title of publication publisher or sponsor of website
(italics)
____________________, _____________. Accessed ____________.
date of publication of article URL . date of access
Example:
Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make
Websites, 16 Aug. 2002, alistapart.com/article/writeliving. Accessed 4 May 2009
ONLINE IMAGES
_________________, __________________. “_________________.” ___________________,
photographer/artist last name photographer/artist first name description or title of image descriptive label
(only if Cartoon, Advertisement)
___________, ___________________, _________________, _____. Accessed. _________.
title of website publisher or sponsor of website date of electronic publication URL date of access
(italics)
Example (untitled image):
“Blue Frog.” SeaWorld, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, 2010, seaworld.com. Accessed
26 May 2010.
Example:
Kelly, Mitchell. “Snow Leopard.” Nature, Public Broadcasting Corporation, 16 Apr. 2006.
www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/silent-roar-searching-for-the-snow-leopard-interview-
filmmaker-mitchell-kelly/2427/. Accessed 21 Apr. 2010.
Example of Image in Online Museum Collection:
Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV. 1800. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid. Museo
Nacional del Prado, www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/the-family-of-
carlos-iv/f47898fc-aa1c-48f6-a779-71759e417e74. Accessed 22 May 2006.
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YOUTUBE VIDEO
Video and audio sources need to be documented using the same basic guidelines for citing print
sources in MLA style. Include as much descriptive information as necessary to help readers
understand the type and nature of the source you are citing. If the author’s name is the same as
the uploader, only cite the author once. If the author is different from the uploaded, cite the
author’s name before the title.
______________ , ______________. “_________________.” YouTube, uploaded by _______,
director/creator last name director/creator first name title of video Uploader
_____________, ______________.
Date of Upload URL
Example:
“8 Hot Dog Gadgets put to the Test.” YouTube, uploaded by Crazy Russian Hacker, 6 June
2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBlpjSEtELs.
Second example:
McGonigal, Jane. “Gaming and Productivity.” YouTube, uploaded by Big Think, 3 July 2012,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkdzy9bWW3E.
PODCAST
_____________, ______________. “_______________.”_______________,
author/creator last name author/creator first name title of podcast website title (italicized)
from ______________, ____________, ___________.
site’s publisher/sponsor date of publication URL
“Best of Not My Job Musicians.” Wait Wait…Don’t Tell Me!, from NPR, 4 June 2016,
www.npr.org/podcasts/344098539/wait-wait-don-t-tell-me.
Works Cited Guide Spring-Ford Area High School
May 10, 2018 23
TWITTER
NOTE: Begin with the user's Twitter handle in place of the author’s name. Next, place the tweet
in its entirety in quotations, inserting a period after the tweet within the quotations. Include the
date and time of posting, using the reader's time zone; separate the date and time with a comma
and end with a period. Include the date of access if you deem necessary.
_____________. “_________________________.” Twitter, _____________, ______________,
Twitter Handle Entire Tweet Date of Access Time of Access
__________________________.
URL
@tombrokaw. "SC demonstrated why all the debates are the engines of this
campaign." Twitter, 22 Jan. 2012, 3:06 a.m.,
twitter.com/tombrokaw/status/160996868971704320.
@PurdueWLab. "Spring break is around the corner, and all our locations will be open next
week." Twitter, 5 Mar. 2012, 12:58 p.m.,
twitter.com/PurdueWLab/status/176728308736737282.
E-MAIL
___________, ___________. “______________.” Received by (the author or other recipient),
writer last name writer first name subject line (if any)
_____________.
date of the message
Example:
Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Literature." Received by John Watts, 15 Nov. 2000.
Neyhart, David. "Re: Online Tutoring." Received by Joe Barbato, 1 Dec. 2016.
Works Cited Guide Spring-Ford Area High School
May 10, 2018 24
ENTRY IN A BLOG
Cite web postings as you would a standard web entry. Provide the author of the work, the title of
the posting in quotation marks, the web site name in italics, the publisher, and the posting date.
Follow with the date of access. Include screen names as author names when author name is not
known. If both names are known, place the author’s name in brackets.
______________, _________________. “________________.” ______________,
author last name author first name title of blog entry name of site (italicized)
(italics)
_____________________. ___________________, ___________. ___________.
publisher or sponsor of blog date of electronic publication URL date of access
Example:
Salmar1515 [Sal Hernandez]. “Re: Best Strategy: Fenced Pastures vs. Max Number of
Rooms?” BoardGameGeek, 29 Sept. 2008, boardgamegeek.com/thread/343929/best-
strategy-fenced-pastures-vs-max-number-rooms. Accessed 5 Apr. 2009.
Works Cited Guide Spring-Ford Area High School
May 10, 2018 25
DATABASES
ARTICLE (FROM A DATABASE)
Cite the online database (e.g. LexisNexis, ProQuest, JSTOR, ScienceDirect) or other
subscription service as a Container. Include the Title of the Database italicized before the DOI
(Digital Object Identifier) or Permalink or URL. Note: If a DOI or Permalink is not provided, use
the URL instead. Provide the Date of Access if important for locating the source.
_____________, _____________. “________________.” ____________________,
author of article author of article title of article title of container (name of periodical )
last name first name (italicized)
________________, ____________, _______________, ___________ ,
other contributors version (edition) number (vol. and/or no.) publisher
(translated or edited by
first name last name)
_________, _______________, ___________________________ ,
publication date location (pages, paragraphs) title of 2
nd
container (name of database)
(italicized)
________________________. _______________.
location (URL, DOI, or permalink) date of access (if relevant )
Example: JSTOR - Scholarly Journal article
Miltner, Robert. “‘Watership Down’: A Genre Study.” Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, vol. 6
no. 1, 1993, pp. 63–70. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43308185.
Example: EBSCOhost - Newspaper article
LaFraniere, Sharon, et al. "Unlikely Source Propelled Russian Meddling Inquiry." New York
Times, vol. 167, no. 57828, 31 Dec. 2017, p. 1. EBSCOhost,
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=f5h&AN=127032759&site=ehost-
live.
Works Cited Guide Spring-Ford Area High School
May 10, 2018 26
Example: Gale Student Resources in Context - Resource
"Latest 'Star Wars' Movie Is Out Of This World." NPR Morning Edition, 15 Dec. 2017. Student
Resources in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A520290181/SUIC?u=pl2871&xid=bf817e80. Accessed 13
Jan. 2018.
Example: World Book Online - article
Smith, Matthew. "Haiti." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2018,
www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar242480. Accessed 14 Jan. 2018.
Example: DOI instead of URL
Alonso, Alvaro, and Julio A. Camargo. "Toxicity of Nitrite to Three Species of Freshwater
Invertebrates." Environmental Toxicology, vol. 21, no. 1, 3 Feb. 2006, pp. 90-94. Wiley
Online Library, doi:10.1002/tox.20155.
EBOOK (FROM A DATABASE)
_____________, _____________. “________________.” ____________________,
author author title of chapter or section title of container (name of ebook )
last name first name (italics)
________________, _________________ , _________________, ____________,
other contributors number (vol. and/or no.) publisher publication date
(translated or edited by
first name last name)
__________________, ___________________________ , ________________________.
location (pages or paragraphs) title of 2
nd
container (name of database) location (URL, DOI, or permalink)
italics
Example: EBSCOHost ebooks
Sawyers, June Skinner. Bob Dylan: New York. Roaring Forties Press, 2011. EBSCOhost,
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=369020&site=ehost-live
Works Cited Guide Spring-Ford Area High School
May 10, 2018 27
SAMPLE WORKS CITED PAGE
Works Cited
“The Chocolate War.” Novels for Students. Edited by Diane Telgen, vol. 2, Thomson Gale, 1997,
pp. 156-174.
Davis, Bertham. Poverty in America: What We Do About It. Franklin Watts, 1991.
Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton UP, 1957.
---, editor. Design for Learning: Reports Submitted to the Joint Committee of the Toronto Board
of Education and the University of Toronto. U. of Toronto P, 1962.
---. The Double Vision: Language and Meaning in Religion. U of Toronto P, 1991.
Kavesh, Laura, and Cheryl Lavin. Tales From the Front. Dolphin Doubleday, 1988.
Kelly, Mitchell. “Silent Roar: Searching for the Snow Leopard.” Nature, Public Broadcasting
Corporation, 2006, www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/silent-roar-searching-for-the-snow-leopard-
introduction/2428/. Accessed 18 Apr. 2018.
LaFraniere, Sharon, et al. "Unlikely Source Propelled Russian Meddling Inquiry." New York
Times, vol. 167, no. 57828, 31 Dec. 2017, p. 1. EBSCOhost,
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=f5h&AN=127032759&site=ehost-
live.
PennState. Pennsylvania State University, 2015, www.psu.edu. Accessed 18 Apr. 2018.
(Remember that a Works Cited page lists only the
sources that are cited within the paper)
Works Cited Guide Spring-Ford Area High School
May 10, 2018 28
PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION
What to Document – Everything that you borrow – quotes, paraphrases, ideas, information,
facts, words, etc. You must give credit for everything that is not yours.
Documentation and Works Cited – These two work in conjunction with each other. Any
sources used in the paper must appear in Works Cited in a full citation.
Standard Forms of Documentation – The most common way to use parenthetical
documentation is to insert brief citations where the borrowed material occurs. This general form
is to enclose the author’s last name and the page number of the source in parentheses. If no
author is given, the first key words in the title should be used. They should be in quotation
marks or in italics. This citation should allow the reader to check the source, if desired, through
Works Cited.
Give enough information to:
o Find the source in Works Cited list. Use:
Author’s last name
If no author, use first key words in the title
o Give location of the information in the source
Page reference
No page reference if not available
Examples:
o Website Article with No Author and No Page Reference
Jackalopes are real animals (“The Jackalope Conspiracy”).
WORKS CITED:
“The Jackalope Conspiracy.” Getting At The Truth, 2014,
www.gettruth.com/. Accessed 10 Apr. 2015.
o Entire Website
Jackalopes are real animals (Getting At The Truth).
WORKS CITED:
Getting At The Truth, 2014, www.gettruth.com/. Accessed 10 Apr.
2015.
o Book with One Author and Single Page Reference
Jackalopes are not really animals (Smith 25).
WORKS CITED:
Works Cited Guide Spring-Ford Area High School
May 10, 2018 29
Smith, Jane. What About Jackalopes? Random House, 2013.
o Book with One Author and Page Range Reference
Jackalopes are not really animals (Smith 25-28).
WORKS CITED:
Smith, Jane. What About Jackalopes? Random House, 2013.
o Book with One Author and Single Page Reference, Author named
in Text
Jane Smith said that jackalopes are not really animals (25).
WORKS CITED:
Smith, Jane. What About Jackalopes? Random House, 2013.
o Book with Two Authors and Single Page Reference
Jackalopes are not really animals (Smith and Jones 25).
WORKS CITED:
Smith, Jane and Patrick Jones. What About Jackalopes? Random
House, 2013.
o Multi-volume Reference Book with One Author and Page Range
Reference
Jackalopes are not really animals (Smith 25-28).
WORKS CITED:
Smith, Jane. “Jackalope.” The World Book Encyclopedia, vol. 5, 2014.
o Multi-Volume Reference Book, No Author for Article, Volume
Number - Page Range Reference
Jackalopes are not really animals (World Book Encyclopedia 5:25-28).
WORKS CITED:
The World Book Encyclopedia. 2014, 10 vols.
o Ebook, No Page Numbers, e-reader: Jackalopes are not really
animals (Smith).
WORKS CITED
Smith, Jane. What About Jackalopes? Kindle ed., Random House,
2013.
Works Cited Guide Spring-Ford Area High School
May 10, 2018 30
WORKS CONSULTED
“MLA Format: The Complete MLA Citation Guide by EasyBib.” EasyBib, 2017,
www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/mla-format/.
“MLA Formatting and Style Guide.” The Purdue OWL, Purdue U Writing Lab, 2018,
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/.
MLA Handbook. 8
th
ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2016.
The MLA Style Center. Modern Language Association of America, 2018, style.mla.org/.
“MLA Style Guide Eighth Edition: About MLA.” IRSCLibraries, Indian River State College
Libraries, 12 Apr. 2018, irsc.libguides.com/mla.
“MLA Style Guide Eighth Edition: Home.” Hilton C. Buley Library, Southern Connecticut State
University, 27 Jul. 2017, libguides.southernct.edu/mla.
.
